Gernsback's venality and corruption, his sleaziness and his utter disregard for the financial rights of authors, have been well documented and discussed in critical and fan literature.
Lovecraft and Clark Ashton Smith referred to him as "Hugo the Rat". Gernsback was noted for sharp, sometimes shady, business practices, and for paying his writers extremely low fees or not paying them at all. Gernsback returned in 1952–53 with Science-Fiction Plus. A year later, due to Depression-era financial troubles, the two were merged into Wonder Stories, which Gernsback continued to publish until 1936, when it was sold to Thrilling Publications and renamed Thrilling Wonder Stories. After losing control of Amazing Stories, Gernsback founded two new science fiction magazines, Science Wonder Stories and Air Wonder Stories. There is some debate about whether this process was genuine, manipulation by publisher Bernarr Macfadden, or a Gernsback scheme to begin another company. In 1929, he lost ownership of his first magazines after a bankruptcy lawsuit. His preferred term for the genre was scientifiction. Gernsback coined the term "science fiction" in 1929. Fans began to organize, and became aware of themselves as a movement, a social force this was probably decisive for the subsequent history of the genre. He also played an important role in starting science fiction fandom, by organizing the Science Fiction League and by publishing the addresses of people who wrote letters to his magazines. His idea of a perfect science fiction story was "75 percent literature interwoven with 25 percent science". He said he became interested in the concept after reading a translation of the work of Percival Lowell as a child. The inaugural April issue comprised a one-page editorial and reissues of six stories, three less than ten years old and three by Poe, Verne, and Wells. Gernsback provided a forum for the modern genre of science fiction in 1926 by founding the first magazine dedicated to it, Amazing Stories.
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Gernsback's short story "The Cosmatomic Flyer", under the byline "Greno Gashbuck," was cover-featured in the debut issue of Gernsback's Science-Fiction Plus in 1953 He died at Roosevelt Hospital ( Mount Sinai West as of 2020) in New York City on August 19, 1967, at age 83. Hugo Gernsback started the Radio News magazine for amateur radio enthusiasts in 1919. It was in these magazines that he began including scientific fiction stories alongside science journalism, including his novel Ralph 124C 41+, which he ran for 12 months from April 1911 in Modern Electrics.
In 1913, he founded a similar magazine, The Electrical Experimenter, which became Science and Invention in 1920. In 1912, Gernsback said that he estimated 400,000 people in the U.S. Under its auspices, in January 1909, he founded the Wireless Association of America, which had 10,000 members within a year. While the cover of the magazine itself states it was a catalog, most historians note that it contained articles, features, and plotlines, qualifying it as a magazine. In April 1908 he founded Modern Electrics, the world's first magazine about both electronics and radio, called "wireless" at the time. Gernsback is also considered a pioneer in amateur radio.īefore helping to create science fiction, Gernsback was an entrepreneur in the electronics industry, importing radio parts from Europe to the United States and helping to popularize amateur "wireless". During the show, audio stopped and each artist waved or bowed onscreen. In 1928, WRNY aired some of the first television broadcasts. In 1925, he founded radio station WRNY, which was broadcast from the 18th floor of the Roosevelt Hotel in New York City.
He married three times: to Rose Harvey in 1906, Dorothy Kantrowitz in 1921, and Mary Hancher in 1951. Gernsback emigrated to the United States in 1904 and later became a naturalized citizen. Gernsback was born in 1884 in Luxembourg City, to Berta (Dürlacher), a housewife, and Moritz Gernsbacher, a winemaker.
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